A patient presents with severe toothache, heat and cold sensitivity, and visible pus around the painful area. What is this condition?

• A. Caries
• B. Gingivitis
• C. Periodontitis
• D. Pulpitis

Answer: (D)

Inflammation of the dental pulp produces intense, localized toothache that is often highly sensitive to temperature. Heat tends to worsen pulp inflammation, and cold can provoke or relieve pain depending on the stage, but the overall pattern points to pulp involvement rather than surface or gum problems. The presence of pus around the painful area suggests the infection has reached the surrounding tissues, which happens when pulpitis progresses and the pulp tissue becomes necrotic, leading to an abscess. Caries mainly damages tooth structure and can cause sensitivity, but pus around the tooth isn’t a typical feature. Gingivitis and periodontitis involve the gums and supporting structures rather than the pulp itself. So, this presentation best fits pulpitis, with possible progression to an abscess.